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LBS-CRIAEAU : Episteme " KC " : in Les Lumières du Rwanda : It might also result in such materials not being turnedover to the archives and potentially being lost forever. For example, archivistsworking at the Genocide Archives Rwanda (GAR) have discussed the challengesassociated with documenting fully the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The videotestimonies or as the GAR terms them ‘confessions’ of the perpetrators are the resultthe Gacaca Court processes. It remains to be seen whether other perpetrators willstep forward voluntarily to provide documentation of their experiences, feelings,and perspectives of the genocide and its aftermath or if their stories will indeed belost forever.Institutional roles are not only oriented toward past action, their activities areoften defined by contemporary political climates and juridical systems. During wars,external interventions, civil unrest, oppressive regimes and programs, andsubsequent peace negotiations, legal processes, and restitution and reconciliationactivities, preexisting archives can be seized, stolen, removed to another nationaljurisdiction for political, security or preservation reasons, and new archives can becreated. Holding onto, handing over, returning and opening up such archives are allactions that can have human rights dimensions. Legal processes such as replevin,criminal tribunals and human rights commissions govern some of these actions;others have been the focus of large-scale microfilming and more recentlydigitization initiatives. In both cases, these have been well documented in thearchival literature. Considerable recent focus has been placed on opening up publicand data archives and the imperatives for making their contents available and theconcerns for vulnerable individuals and communities who might be put at risk-whether they be those mentioned directly in the records or their associates, friendsand descendants (Corti 2000; Corti et al. 2000; Hammersley 1997; Thomson et al.2005). There has not been as much discussion about the role that metadata mightplay in these activities, however. More granular description about archival materialmight provide an infrastructure for a more complex screening of requests formaterials while supporting automated redaction and release of content

The goal of this article has been to employ collective rhetoric and case study to raiseconsciousness within broader conversations within the emergent archival humanrights framework. Through a discussion of both the foundational principlesembedded in archival description as well as the institutional protocols and policiesthat implement them, this paper hopes to provide groundwork for consideringdescription as a practice with profound human rights uses and consequences. Byproviding detailed examples and fleshing out these ideas, we show the depth andbreadth of the issue as well as recognizing description as part of a larger humanrights eco-system. As part of this eco-system, description is also uniquely suited tomobilizing records for evidentiary purposes as well as for collective memory. Indestabilizing descriptive standards, we need to leverage the expertise of humanrights activists, survivors, descendants and other stakeholders as well as theexpertise of archivists, records managers and institutions for emancipatory purposes.

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